It may be that your server is missing the Microsoft Visual Studio C++ Redistribution package.
You can confirm this by checking for the presence of the following registry key:
SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\VisualStudio\10.0\VC\VCRedist\x64
The Server installation guide includes the following information on the prerequisite:
If you are installing on Windows Server, in order to run Postgres, you must ensure that you have
installed the required Visual C++ Redistributable Packages for Visual Studio 2013.
Regards,
Adrian